This piece at the intersection of Art + Science is a post written by a former Yale University Press intern after she visited the 2012 exhibition at the Bard Graduate Center, The Islands of Benoît Mandelbrot: Fractals, Chaos, and the Materiality of Thinking. The book that accompanied the exhibition shares its title, and is a heady read by Nina Samuel that questions the relationship between the visual and scientific reasoning in fractal geometry and chaos theory.
Maggie McLoughlin—
At the entrance of The Islands of Benoît Mandelbrot: Fractals, Chaos, and the Materiality of Thinking, an exhibition of the intricate graphic compositions of the mathematician most famous for his pioneering work in fractal geometry and chaos theory, reads the epigraph:
I was struck…by the way in which many aspects of laboratory practice could be ordered by looking not at the scientist’s brain (I was forbidden access!), at the cognitive structures (nothing special), not at the paradigm (the same for thirty years), but at the transformation of rats and chemicals into paper.
~Bruno Latour
I must have read the sentence a dozen times, trying to make sense of it. What exactly was Latour getting at? Propelled equally by curiosity and trepidation (I had, after all, just been stumped by the quote that introduces the entire exhibit) I stepped into the a maze of black and white images that at first glance resemble Rorschach’s ink blots.
However, on closer inspection, Mandelbrot’s images do not suggest that a bottle of ink toppled over on a sheet of white paper. Evincing the randomness of an accidental ink stain, but not its clumsiness, these images inspire amazement at their intricacy and geometry. The images depict fractals, models of the shape and structure of natural phenomena like clouds, mountains, and shorelines that do not exhibit the artificial rigidity and smoothness of Euclidean geometry.
Captivated by the irregularities of the natural world and discontented with traditional mathematics inability to account for them, Mandelbrot developed a new branch of geometry that describes and explains these irregularities. In speaking of the motivation driving his pioneering work in mathematics in his memoir released posthumously (he died 5 years ago this month), Mandelbrot writes, “I realized that mathematics cut off from the mysteries of the real world was not for me, so I took a different path.” He chose to play with “questions once reserved for poets and children.”
Mandelbrot’s islands, these intricately rendered dots, grant us access to Mandelbrot’s thinking on these questions. Mandelbrot’s islands are “artifacts of science” offering us a glimpse into his scientific thinking experiments. This is what Latour is getting at—the physical materials that influence scientific thought reflect back to us these thoughts. We penetrate the mysteries of scientific thinking in and through the materials the scientist leaves behind. Mandelbrot’s images, the “detritus of [his] scientific investigation,” reveal to us not only the beauty of fractal geometry but the beauty of of his own thinking.
Maggie McLoughlin is a former marketing intern at Yale University Press and currently works in banking in New York City.
Related reading:
Here is a link to Mandelbrot’s outstanding TED talk from 2010.
Beautiful, Simple, Exact, Crazy: Mathematics in the Real World by Apoorva Khare and Anna Lachowska
Compass and Rule: Architecture as Mathematical Practice in England 1500-1750 by Anthony Gerbino and Stephen Johnston